Copper properties and applications electrical, thermal. The primary mechanical properties of copperhardness, strength and ductilitydetermine its condition. Request pdf physical and mechanical properties of copper and copper alloys high strength, high conductivity copper alloys are prime candidates for high. Little ductility is exhibited with these materials, and they fracture soon after reaching the elastic limit. The specifications, properties, classifications and classes are provided for copper. Alloying additions beyond the solubility limit result in the beta. These two properties make it the best choice for the construction of conducting wires, heat dissipators and exchangers, and. Copper has a high solubility for other elements such as nickel, zinc, tin and aluminum. Ease of fabrication and cost of vacuum materials are often of secondary importance sic.
Chapter 6 mechanical properties university of tennessee. The word copper comes from the latin word cuprum, which means ore of cyprus. Copper has many extremely useful properties, including. Hardness is proportional to the tensile strengthbut. C12200 copper is a lightly alloyed grade of copper, formulated for primary forming into wrought products. The extraction of copper copper is extracted from its ore by two principal methods. Alloy name cuof european standard number cw008a uns code c10200 manufacturing location pori density 8. Phosphorous is one of the elements that severely depresses conductivity.
The properties of materials and their everyday uses. Contents introduction mechanical properties 2 en sil p rop t 2 flexural properties 3 compressive properties 3 creep properties 3 fatigue properties 4 impact properties 4 thermal properties 5. The property of a material can change according to how the material is treated. An innovative resource for materials properties, their evaluation, and industrial applications the handbook of materials selection provides information and insight that can be employed in any discipline or industry to exploit the full range of materials in. Background manufacturing is the process of converting some material into a part or product. Materials data book 2003 edition cambridge university engineering department. The properties of c12200 copper include thirteen common variations. In general, copper alloys exhibit good to excellent corrosion resistance and high thermal conductivity and very high electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a pinkishorange color.
Exact knowledge of the material properties, critical selection, careful control 6. Mechanical properties of copper and copper alloys at low temperatures. The two most important properties of copper are its high electrical conductivity which is the highest of any metal and its high thermal conductivity. Case studies and examples of copper s contribution to leed and other sustainable building systems. Browse the coppers and copper alloys below, grouped by property, or use the alloy properties table to link to information on individual alloys, including specifications, mechanical and physical properties, available product forms and applications. As solid solution alloys, the 9010 and 7030 alloys cannot be age hardened. This article was originally published in the comprehensive. Copper is ideal for electrical wiring because it is easily worked, can be drawn into fine wire and has a high electrical conductivity. Property data on 2400 copper alloys including brass and bronzes is available and is searchable by property specification, composition, or name. Follow the links below to view complete property information. Copper is a chemical element with the symbol cu from latin. The search phrase you entered, copper, is common to 3034 materials, by searching on the terms copper in most common text fields. Copper alloys have various set of properties, which is dependent on the addition of elements and heat treatment 6. Handbook of materials selection wiley online books.
Along with silver and gold, it is classified as a noble metal and, like them, can be found in nature in the elemental form. Results are displayed up to a maximum of 200 materials per page. Properties of copper an excellent site for finding the properties of the elements, including copper is at another useful link is to the geology project pages at the univ. Copper is a redorange metal that darkens to a brown color as it is exposed to air. Identification is by fivedigit numbers preceded by the letter c. Very constant properties of the raw materials, to be specially prepared 7.
Although these materials are more expensive than the highcarbon and the alloy steels,they nevertheless are frequently used in electrical components and in subzero temperatures. If it is exposed to air and water, it will form a verdigris of bluegreen. Copper alloys are some of the most versatile materials. Copper base alloys are important spring materials because of their good electrical properties combined with their excellent resistance to corrosion. In this chapter, we shall discuss the commonly used engineering materials and their properties in machine design. Metals and their alloys, such as iron, steel, copper, aluminium, etc. File hard introduction to materials science, chapter 6, mechanical properties of metals university of tennessee, dept.
Each object you use is made up of components, each of which utilized very specialized equipment to make it. Copper specifications, properties, classifications and. Presently, copper is used in building construction. The structural features present in a material are a function of the composition and form of the starting material, and any subsequent heat treatments and or processing treatments the material receives. See below for more information on each of these properties, and how they benefit us in our daily lives. The corrosion resistance of copper and copper alloys is based on their. The mechanical properties of coppernickel alloys show a combination of good tensile strength and excellent ductility when annealed. A material can be described in a variety of ways for example it may be strong but brittle, and the combination of its properties may determine its use.
The range of conductivity of copper alloys differs, depending on the alloying elements. Preferred marine alloys include copper nickels, which exhibit the highest corrosion and erosion resistance among copper metals. The other key properties exhibited by copper and its alloys include. Properties of common spring materials for spring wire. Copper is used as a conductor of heat and electricity, as a building material, and as a constituent of various metal alloys, such as sterling. Copper alloys become stronger and more ductile as temperature goes down. Copper sulfate compounds are used to prevent fungus and algae growth in standing water supplies such as ponds and fountains. Many of the materials properties have been recorded and models. Properties in the database include density, hardness, ultimate tensile strength, electrical resisitivity or conductivity, and elastic modulus. Of all common metals, copper possesses the highest rating for both electrical and thermal conductivity. Cucrzr alloys are available in different forms, for example, bars.
Lead does not form intermetallic compounds but its segregation at the copper grain boundaries also decreases ductility. Examples of alloys are iron and carbon, forming steel, and the great variety of copper alloys, such as brass and bronze. Cw024a is the en numeric designation for this material. Because of this property, greater care must be used in designing with.
The addition of nickel to copper improves the alloys strength and durability. It is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. Metal properties, char, uses, and codes od1643 lesson 1task 1 some cases, it may consist of one or more metals and a nonmetal. The stressstrain curve characterizes the behavior of the material tested. The only other material that has similar resistance to corrosion is stainless steel. The combination of properties like strength, conductivity, corrosion resistance, machinability and ductility make copper suitable for many applications. Sustainability in the desert the health sciences education building at the university of arizona chose copper because it is a sustainable material and it provided the design freedom required for a stunning design that fits the natural surroundings. However, its thermal conductivity is 30 times worse than that of copper. High conductiv ity coupled with intrinsic strength. Copper is a very common substance that occurs naturally in the environment and spreads through the environment through natural phenomena.
They also retain excellent impact resistance to 20 k. Microstructural analysis is used to gain information on how the material was produced and the quality of the resulting material. The influences of alloy composition, microstructure and heat treatment on chemical and mechanical properties of copper alloys will be discussed in relation to its. Physical and mechanical properties of copper and copper alloys. Copper has an abundance of 80 parts per million in the earths crust. Usgs mineral resources program coppera metal for the ages. However, due to the chemical properties of copper, the corrosion process is very slow. Today, aluminum and its alloys have a wide range of applications in defense industry, aerospace, transportation, marine industry, construction industry, packaging and containers etc.
Physical and mechanical properties of materials melting temperature 9 density 10 youngs modulus 11. Most metals tin, iron, nickel, aluminum, silicon, cobalt, arsenic form intermetallic compounds with copper which reduce ductility and some other mechanical properties of the alloys. The committee recognized the need for consistency and equivalency when integrating materials properties data. It is the most fundamental activity in any civilization.
Since copper is more noble metal than most of the metallic impurities. Properties of copper and copper alloys at cryogenic. High copper alloys made with tellurium, zirconium, magnesium, chromium, and iron provide increased strength with conductivity in. Uspas cryogenics short course boston, ma 614 to 6182010 8. These properties make copper extremely suitable for tube forming, wire drawing, spinning and deep drawing.